Kinds of Expression (1st)

an / an4

Numbered Discourses 4.227 · 23. Bad Conduct

an / an4

Numbered Discourses 4.227 · 23. Bad Conduct

“A foolish person … brims with much wickedness. … They say they’ve seen, heard, thought, or known something, but they haven’t. … An astute person … brims with much merit. … They say they haven’t seen, heard, thought, or known something, and they haven’t. …”

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[1] Bodhi: The commentary explains that the Buddha gave this discourse to cut through the conceit that arose in the five monks because of their arahantship.

[2] Bodhi: The commentary explains that the word "all" (sabba) is used here in a limited sense: that is, it denotes "all that is included in personal identity" (sakkaa-sabba), that is, all states or phenomena (dhamma) included in the five aggregates subject to clinging (khandha) (see MN 28). Supramundane states - paths, fruits, and nibbana - are not included here.

[3] Bodhi: Assutama puthujjana is an ordinary person who has no knowledge of the Dhamma. There are no noble attainments in the Dhamma. The mind is dominated by many defilements and wrong views.